Tube flaring machine



Oct. 2, 1951 R. l. HAHN ET AL 2,569,523

TUBE FLARING MACHINE Filed Jan. 2 1, 1949 15 sheets-sheet 1 Oct. 2, 1951 R. l. HAHN ET AL 2,569,523

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R. l. HAHN ET AL TUBE FLARING MACHINE Filed Jan. 21, 1949 l5 Sheets-Sheet 8 Oct. 2, 1951 R. l. HAHN ET Al. 2,569,523

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INVENToRS @et 2, 1951 R. l. HAHN ET AL 2,569,523

` TUBE FLARING MACHINE Filed Jan. 21, 1949 15 sheets-sheet 13 sw-a 5 A. 1 512' /s//U 521 /sz/v sal 33@ 54! am lzzg V-f V2 v-a v4 FuNc/ifs Fmr/155 /MDE X ,90 vri/vcr- Dv/VCE CLAMP @Er/enc rs CLAMP l HDYANCES MAIDEN RETURNS PUNCHES PUNCl/ES SLIDE RETURNS PET/PACT I HE7-km2?. SLIDE MOVES A IND/Ex l 3//05 5" I i5 l 75 |721" /70| z/.z zw 1 5551 0 @0 /ZU /60 uo 500 .5410

INVENTURS Patented Oct. 2, 1951 TUBE FLARING MACHINE Rea I. Hahn and Bernard E. Frank, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application January 21, 1949, Serial No. 72,024

6 Claims.

This invention relates to the manufacture of tubing and its object is to provide a machine for flaring the ends of relatively short pieces of tubing which have been assembled with coupling nuts. To accomplish this object the disclosed embodiment of the present invention provides a rotary conveyor or dial which receives the piece of tubing with the nuts assembled thereon and moves it from the loading station to a work station Where it is clamped between jaws and the ends of the tubing are simultaneously ared by two sets of oppostely moving punches which successively operate on the ends of the tubing. Between the successive operations, one pair of punches is moved into alignment with the tubing while the other pair is moved out of alignment.

'Ihe movements of the dial clamping jaws and punches are elected by hydraulic means which are so controlled that the various mechanisms operate in timed relation.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein a preferred embodiment of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2 together constitute a front view of the upper part of the machine;

Fig. 1A is a sectional View on line IA-IA of Fig.1; i

Fig. 3 is a front View of the middle part of the 1 machine and is viewed in the direction of arrow 3 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 4 is a view in the direction of arrow 4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 5A is a sectional view on line 5A-5A of Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view in the direction of arrow 1 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on line 8 8 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a view in the direction of arrow 9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view on the line IIJ-IB of Fig. 7;

Fig. 11 shows an arrangementvof dies for operating upon a length of tubing which would be longer than that which would be accommodated by the die shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 12 is a view on the line I2-I2 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a front View of a lower clamping jaw spacer suitable for use with pieces of tubing longer than those for which the machine as shown in Fig. 3 is adapted;

2 Fig. 14 is a view in the direction of arrow I4 of Fig. 13;

Fig. l5 is a view in the direction of arrow I5 of Fig. 13;

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary sectional view on line Iii-I6 of Fig. l2 and shows an assembly, upper and lower, clamping jaws suitable for use with pieces of tubing longer than th'ose for which the jaws as shown in Fig. 3 are adapted;

Figs. 17 and 18 are side and edge views respectively of part shown in Fig. 16; l

Figs. 19 and 20 are side and edge views respectively of part shown in Fig. 16;

Figs. 21 and 22 are fragmentary sectional views showing respectively the first and second tube flaring operations;

Fig. 23 is an enlarged sectional View of a portion of Fig. 16;

Fig. 24 is a sectional view on line 24-.24 of Fig. 23;

Fig. 25 is a view in the direction of arrow 25 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 26 is an enlarged sectional view on lines 2li-26 of Figs. 25 and 27;

Fig. 27 is a sectional view on line 21-21 of Fig. 26;

Fig. 28 shows an assembly of tubing T and nuts N;

Figs. 28A, 29 and 29A are respectively fragmentary sectional views on lines 28A-28A oi Fig. 29, 29-29 of Fig. 25 and 2SA- 29A of Fig, 28A;

Fig. 30 is a view in the direction of arrow 30 of Fig. 29;

Fig. 31 is a View in the direction of arrow 3| of Fig. 29;

Fig. 32 is a diagram of the hydraulic circuits and part vof the .electrical circuits of the machine;

Fig. 33 is a more complete wiring diagram of the electrical circuits;

Fig. 34 is a timing chart.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the machine comprises a base 30 which provides a housing for the source of fluid pressure and parts of the control apparatus shown in Fig. 32. The base supports a frame 3IL (Fig. 1) and a frame SIR (Fig. 2). These frames respectively support cylinders Ci L and CIR containing pistons connected respectively by rods 32 with slides 33L and 33B which are connected respectively by screws 341. and 34R with blocks 35L and 35B. which are attached to slides 36L and 36B respectively. The Shanks of screws 34L and 34B. are reversely threaded so that the turning of these screws adjust the distances between the slides 33L and 36L and between the slides 33R and 3BR. These slides have dovetails 31 (Fig. 1A) which are guided by parallel gibs 38 (Fig. 1). Gibs 38 have slots 38a receiving screws 39 which fasten them to a plate 40 secured to frame 3IL. Plate 40 has ribs 4| and 42. Adjustment of the gibs for wear can be eiected by tightening screws 4|a threaded through rib 4|. A shim can be placed between rib 42 and right gib 38, if necessary. 'Ihe slides 33R and 3ER are guided in a similar manner.

Slide 36L supports a bar 43L which is retained by a plate 44L, Figs. 5, 1, 8 and 10, attached by screws 45 to this slide. Bar 43L is movable horizontally in a direction at right angles to the movement of the slide. Bar 43L carries holders 46 and 41 which respectively support punches 48 and 49. In order to locate one or the other of the punches in alignment with the tubing, the slide 43L is moved horizontally by a servomotor comprising a cylinder C4L whose piston rod 5| is connected with a Bowden wire 52 slidable through a tube 53 which a bracket 54 secures to the frame 3| L. The tube 53 is also supported by the slide 36L. The wire 52 is attached to the bar 4`3L, as shown in Fig. '7. The bar 43L is connected by bars 55 and 56 with a rod 51 which is guided by bearings 58 provided by a bracket 59 and which supports a switch LS2 having an actuating rod 60 carrying a roller 6| engaged by either of the cams 62 and 63 which are supported by the rod 51. The right slide 3BR (Fig. 5) carries a switch LSI which is the counterpart of switch LSZ on the left side and switch LSI is actuated in a similar manner by the right bar 43B, (as indicated in Fig. 32) which in turn is actuated by the cylinder C4R (Fig. 2) which is operatively connected with the right bar 43R after the manner of connecting the left bar 43L with the cylinder C4L.

Referring to Figs. 3-6, the base 30 supports a frame located between the frames 3|L and 3|R. The frame 10 supports a cylinder C2 containing a piston connected with a rod 1| having a threaded portion engaged by a nut 12 received by recess 13 in a slide 80. By moving the nut 12 relative to the rod 1| the distancev between the slide 80 and the piston can be varied. When the proper relative location has been obtained the nut 12 is secured in adjusted position by tightening of the screws 14 (Fig. 5A) threaded through the slide 80 and engageable with vertically movable pins 15 which are wedged against the underside of nut 12. The slide 80 is guidedv by gib 8| retained by screws 32 passing through slots |33 in the gib (Fig. 12). The connection between the slide and piston rod provides for a slight, moyement of the gib in a horizontal direction in order to locate the slide centrally of the machine. This central location is obtained by adjusting the left gib 8| laterally by means of the screws 84 which are threaded through the left ange 85 of the frame 10 and locked in adjusted position by the nut 86. This adjustment forces slide 80 and right gib 8| against a shim 8|a and the latter against right ange 85 of frame 10. After the gibs have been properly located the screws 82 are tightened.

As shown in Figs. 4, 5, ll and 12, the upper end of slide 80 has a slot 90 which receives a key 9| received also by a slot in a holder 92 which is secured to the slide 80 by screw 93 and which provides a grove 94 for receiving clamping jaws 95L and 95B. (Fig. 5) which are secured in the desired position by clamping screws 96. rThe jaws 9.5L and SER are spaced apart by spacer 91 (Fig. 3) received by notches 98 provided by the holder 92. They spacer 91 spaces the clamps 95L and95R (ill correctly so that the dial |30 may be received between them. Clamping jaws 95L and 95E cooperate respectively with the upper clamping jaws |05L and |051?I (Fig. 3) which are received by holders |00 and which are clamped thereinto by screws |0| in such position that the dial |30 closely fits between them. The holders |00 are received by grooves |02 provided by shaft bearing blocks |04 which, as shown in Fig. 25, are integral parts of a bracket |06 having an integral mounting plate |01 which is supported by a pad |00 of bracket 10 by means of a key |09 received by a horizontal groove in parts |01 and |08 which are secured together by screws ||0 and dowels ||2 being provided for accurate location of these parts. Adjustment of the holder |02 relative to the bracket parts |04 is obtained by providing the holders with elongated holes ||3 (Fig. 11) for receiving the attaching screws ||4 which are threaded into the parts |04, said screws having their heads received by elongated counterbores I 5 of the holders. If the machine is set up, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, to operate only onthe shortest pieces of tubing only the spacer 91 is located between the jaws 95L and 95R. To adapt the machine as shown in Fig. 1l, for operation upon longer pieces of tubing spacers IIGL, IIGR (Figs. 17, 18) and HGM (Figs. 13-15) are used between the jaws 95L and 95B. which are secured to these spacers by screws |I1 (Fig. 16). The upper jaws I05L and I 051??J are attached by screws I I8 to spacers I |9L and I9R and these jaws. and spacers are secured to the holder |00 by the screws |0| The pairs of jaws, for example 95L, |05L (Fig. 23) when closed provide a socket or die having cylindrical surface |20 merging with the frustoconical surface |-2I and |22, the latter merging into a cylindrical surface |23 which joins a threaded portion |24, theV tops of the threads having been ground away on the radii |25 (Fig. 24).

The dial which is received directly between the pair vof jaws 95L, |05L and 95R, |05R, (Fig. 3) orbetween the spacers |9L and II9R and the vertical parts IIGMV of spacer HBM (Fig. ll)

is supported by and xed to a shaft |3I journaled in bearings |32 and |32a (Fig. 3) supported by the bracket parts |04 (Fig. 11)'.A Shaft |3| has a head |33 which bears against the left side of bracket |04 and the right end of the shaft has key grooves |34 for receiving a key |35 by which a connection is made between .the shaft |3| and a ratchet |36 (Fig. 4) which is retained by a nut I 31 engaging the threaded portion |33 of the shaft.l Ratchet |36 is engaged by a pawl |39 pivoted on a pin |40 carried by a lever |4| pivoted on a pin |42 supported by the bracket |06. Lever |4| carries a pin |43 con-- nected by a clevis |44 with a rod |45 of a piston within a cylinder C3 pivoted by pin |46 on a bracket |41 which screw |48 attaches to .the frame 10; A spring |49 connected with a stud |50 of pawl |39 and a stud |5| on lever |4| urges the pawl toward the ratchet. It is apparent that right movement of rod will back the pawl |39 from the ratchet and allowit to engage a tooth to the right of the one engaged by the pawl as shown in Fig. 4, and the left movement of rod |45 will cause the ratchet to be rotated counterclockwise the angular distance of the spacing of the ratchet tooth, said distance being determined by the engagement of a proj ection |52 of lever |4| with the upper side of a ratchet tooth. Due to friction the dial |30 does not rotate clockwise while `the leverv |4| is/so rotated. l l

The dial |30 is .provided with equidistant radially extending holes |60 (Figs. 6 and 29) each connected with a radially exposed rectangular notch |6| which receives a rectangular head |62 of a rod |63 received by the hole |60 and urged outwardly by a spring |64 so that the rod is normally located at |63 (right side of Fig. 29).

further outward movement of the rod being limited by the engagement of apin |66 with the end of notch |61 of the rod. The head |62 of rod |63 has two cylindrical surfaces |10 for receiving the threaded portions of nuts N and each rod head, as shown in Fig. 28A, is provided with a groove |58 of sufcient width to receive the hexagonal portions of nuts N which are assembled with the tubing T.

vThe dial |30 rotates in close proximity to the cylindrical-surfaces |1|a and |12a of plates|1| and |12 respectively which are attached to a plate |14 supported by the frame 10. These cylindrical surfaces are `grooved at |1|b and |12b (Fig. 30) to receive the hexagonal portions of nuts N as shown in Fig. 29A. vThe groove |1|b flares out at |1|c. A screw |15 attaches to the plate |1| a workholder comprising a block |10, side plates |11 and |18 and a partition plate |19 secured together by screws |80 and dowels 8 Nuts N which are to form the loose assembly of nuts and tubing shown in Fig. 28, are so located in the workholder that notches |16a receive the threaded portion and notches |1617 of block receive the hexagonal portions. The partition |19 spaces the nuts. The tubing T is passed through the ared notch `|1111, in plate |11,- then through the right nut N, through the notch 19a in partition |19, through the left nut N and through'the notch |1812 in part |18. g'lhe loose assembly of the tubing T and the nuts N is moved horizontally to the right in Fig.. 29 along the upper surface of plate |1|. The nuts are engaged by surfaces |1|c which cam the nuts together so as to be received by grooves |1|b and |12b. Asthe tubing moves, it cams downwardly two levers |84 pivoted on screw |85 and urged counterclockwise by spring |86. The tubing is moved far enou'gh'to lclear theright ends of lever |84 and, therefore-'to move the rod head |62 inwardly so that the nuts N will be located between the cylindrical sur; faces |10 of the rod head and the right'vend of lever |84, the tubing being pushed far enough by the operator to permit the levers Y|84 to be returned by spring |86 to normal position, there-y by retaining the nuts N in engagement with the rod head |62. Thereafter during counterclockwise motion of the dial |30, the tubing moves with the dial with the nuts assembled thereon from the loading position down to the work position where at the proper time the jaws engage the tubing and lift it and the nuts away from the cylindrical surfaces |1|a and `|12a of plates |1| and |12. While the tubing is thus gripped by the jaws, its ends are operated upon by the punches 48 and 49 as shown in Figs. 2l and 22. After the flaring operations have been performed, the lower jaw descends below the cylindrical surfaces |1|a and |12a and the spring |64 is permitted to vact through the rod |62 to push the nuts against the cylindrical surface |1205. Therefore, when the tubing has been moved to the right-away from the surface |1211, spring |64 is permitted to move the'rod to position |63? (Fig. 29) so that the assembly of nuts and tubing is free to gravitate from the dial.

In order that the ends of the tubing will extend equidistant from the sides of dial |30 when movement of the assembly of tubing and nuts by the dial begins, the tubing is guided to `the dial by the plates |90 having horizontal portions 90a flaring outwardly from arcuate portions |9013 which are maintained in parallelism and in alignment by providing the plates with anges |90c which are supported by rods |9| which are aixed to plate |1|. The correct spacing of plates |90 is xed by the adjustment of` nuts |92 and |93 threaded on a rod |94 ailxed to plate |1| and passing through the arcuate portions I 90b of the plates and by adjusting nuts |95, against which the right plate |00 bearsv under the action of a spring |96 retained by nuts |91.

yReferring to Fig. 32, a motor 200 drives a pump 20| having an inlet pipe 202 connected through a screen or filter 203 with oil in the tank 204. Pump 20| is connected by an outlet pipe 205 with valve V| and through a reducing valve 206 with valves V4 and`V3 and through a flow control valve 201 with a hydraulic motor 208, which drives a timer 2|0. Pump 20| is connected by pipe 2|| With valve V2. Valve V| controls the distribution of the pressure fluid to cylinders CIR and CIL; valve V2 controls the distribution of pressure fluid to clamping cylinder C2; valve V3 controls the distribution of pressure fluid to index cylinder C3; valve V4 controls the distribution of pressure uid to cylinders C4L and C4R, respectively, which operate, respectively, the punch carrying slides 43L and 43R. Each of 'the valves VI, V2, V3 and V4 has a movable part which has two positions. In one position of the movable part,` the pressure source is connected with one end of the cylinder while 'the other end of the cylinder is connected with a drain pipe 2|2 which returns the exhaust oil to tank 204. When each movable valve part is in the other position, the connections are reversed so that the cylinder end, which had been conl `nected with the pressure cylinder, becomes'convnected with drain pipe 2| 2, While the cylinder end which had been connected with the drain pipe becomes connected with the pressure source. The drain pipe 2|3 represented by dash lines yreturns to the tank 204 any oil leaking past movable valve parts of valves V|, V2, V3 and V4, and valves 206 and 201.

Each of the valves Vl, V2, V3 and V4 is con- Atrolled by solenoids which, when energized,

causes movable valve parts to move in different directions. For example, valve VI has a solenoid S|L which, when energized, shows conditioned valve VI that pressure fluid is admitted to the left and right ends of the cylinder CIL and CIR to advance the punches. When solenoid SIR. is

. energized, valve V| reverses its connection so that pressure iluid is respectively to the right of CIL and CIR to retract the punches. The solenoids of valve V2 are represented by SZL and SZR; the solenoids of valve V3 are represented by SSL and SBR; while the solenoids of valve V4 v are marked S4L and S4R.

, counterclockwise. Cams Ic, 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c and 6c which control respectively, switches SWI, SW2, SW3, SW4,1SW5 and SWB. The stationary contacts of the switches are connected with wire 7. 22.11 andon'ezend ofeach of thesolenoid's c'onnected with wire. 222- Wires 22IY and 222v are connected with af currentfsourcev of suitable voltage, for example, 110 volts A. C. The movable contacts of the switches SWI, SW2; SW3','SW4 and SW 5 are connectedrespectively by wires II, I2', I3', I4 and I5'with solenoids S3R and SZR, SIL, SIR and S4L. Wire I3' is in series with limit switches LSI and'LSZ, which are closed only when slides 43rand 431 are in positions which align one or the other'of the punches with the work. The movable contact of the switch SW6 isconne'cted withisolenoids S21, S31 and S41".

During one' revolution of shaft 2I0s, repre.- sented byhorizontalV line (Fig. 34) from zero' to 360, the following events take place. At zero a cam IC closes switchv SWI thereby causing solenoid S31 to be energizedY whichconditions valve`V3 while the pressure fluid is admitted to the right end of' C3 (Fig. 32') which also causes indexing; At 15 shaftrevolution, cam 2C closes switch SW2 which causes solenoid S'21 to beenergized and it conditions valve V2 so thatv pressureuid is admitted to the lower end of cylindei-C2 (Fig. 32) and the tubing isY clamped. At 75 camv 3C closes switch SW3` thereby causing solenoid SIZ to be energized and it conditions valve VI for admission of said pressure fluid to the left and' right ends respectively ofthe cylinders CIL andClR thereby causing' the punches to advance. toward the work to form the tubing ends as shownzinl Fig. 6. At 120 cam 4C closes switch SW4 which causes energizati'on of sole--v noidi SI1` which conditions Avalvel VI for the admission. ofv pressure" fluid in the right and left ends. respectively of cylinders CIL and CIR which cause the punches to be retracted. At 170 cam 5C closes switch SW5 thereby causing solenoid S41 to be energized and thereby conditioning valve V4' for admission of pressure fluid into the left and right ends respectively of cylinders CGL and C4R, thereby effecting movement of the punches carrying slides 431v and 431* respectively in order'to shift the punches shown in Fig. 'Tinto alignment with the work. At 212 a second lobe of cam 3C closesY switches SW3y to effect theV advancing of' the punches andv at 263 the second lobe of cam 4C closes switch SWA to effect retraction of the punches. At 300 cam 6C closes switch SW6 which effects energization ofthe solenoids S21 and S31 and S41" which causes valves V2, V3 and V4 respectively to be conditioned for retracting the clamp and the index pawl and returning the punch-carrying slides to their first position. At 355 indexing begins and the cycle continues as before. The cycle can be stopped by stopping motor 200 or by opening valve 230 which connects the pump outlet with a by-pass 23| to the tank.

Hydraulic motor 208 is connected to drain 2I2 through a valve 209 V which prevents discharge from valves VI, V2, V3, V4 interfering with discharge from motor 2'08.

While the embodiment of the present invention as herein disclosed, constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted.

v What is claimed is as follows:

1`. A machine for flaring the ends of pieces of tubing comprising clamping jaws which grip the tubing between its ends and which provide ilaring diesreceiving the end portions ofthe tubing, a pair of punches adapted to cooperate with the dies when thetubing is gripped by said jaws for performing a first flaring operation, a 'pair of punches adaptedto cooperate withithe. dies when the tubing is gripped by said jaws for perform;- ng a second'` flaring operation, two punch supports located respectively adjacent the endsv of the tubing, eachV supporting a punch of the rst pair and a punch of; the second pair parallel to the tubing, means for moving the supports later'- ally of the tubing to locate the rst pair of punches and the second pairy of punches successively in alignment with the tubing and means for moving the supports axially of the tubing, av conveyor adapted to support a plurality of' pieces of tubing and movable to bring said pieces of tubing successively into position to. be gripped by saidv jaws, meansv for moving the jaws to grip said tubing while itis supported. on Said conveyor, means for holding'the conveyoragainst movement while the tube-is gripped by'said jaws and means for removing the tubing from the conveyor after the flaring operation is completed.

2. A machine for flaring the ends of pieces of tubing on which two coupling nuts are loosely assembled comprising two spaced pair of clamping jaws which grip the tubing between its ends and which provide flaring dies for receiving the end portions of the tubing, punches cooperating with the'dies to perform flaring operations, means for effecting relative movement of the jaws, means for operating the punches, a dial movable between the pairs of jaws and having recesses' each for coupling nuts which support the tubing, means for indexing the dial, and means for4 retaining the nuts in the recesses of the dial as it moves them with the tubing supported thereby from a loading station to the flaring station.

3. A machine according to claim 2 in which the dial carries radially movable rods each hav'- ing a head which engages the nuts received by' a dial recess, in which each rod is urged by a spring against the nuts, and in which a xed arcuate plate located adjacent the dial is engaged by the nuts as the dial'moves them with the tubing supported thereby from a loading station to the flaring station.

4". A machine according to claim 2 in which the dial carries radially movable rods each having a head which engages the nuts received by a dial recess, in which each rod is urged by a spring against the nuts, in which means are provided,

at the dial loading station for latching the nuts' in the nut receiving recess of the dial, and in which a fixed arcuate plate located adjacent the dial is engaged by the nuts as the dial moves them with the tubing supported thereby from a loading station to the-flaring station.

5. A machine according to claim 2 in which the dial carries radially movable rods each having a head which engages the nuts received by a dial recess, in which each rod is urged by a spring. against, the nuts, in which there is a workholder having pockets for receivingl the coupling nuts while the tubing is passed through them and having means for guiding the nuts into the dial recess at the loading station and having a latch engageablev with the tubing for retaining the nuts in the dial recess at the loading station, and in which a ilxed. arcuate plate located adjacent the dial is engaged by the nuts as the dial moves them with the tubingsupported thereby from a loading station to the flaring station.

6. A machine according' to claim 2 iny which the dial carries radially movable rods each having a. head which engages the nuts received by a dial recess, inA which each rod is urged by a spring against the nuts. in which there. isa workholder having pockets for receiving the coupling nuts While the tubing is passed through them and having means for guiding the nuts into the dial recess at the loading station, in which thereare spaced plates engageable with the ends of the tubing as it is moved with the nuts to the dial for locating the tubing in proper relation to the nuts, and in which a fixed arcuate plate located adjacent the dial is engaged by the nuts as the dial moves them with the tubing supported thereby from a loading station to the flaring station.

REA I. HAHN.

BERNARD E. FRANK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the lle of this patent:

10 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Name Date Packer Jan. 29, 1901 Foisy Nov. 2, 1926 Henshall Feb. 26, 1929 Wilcox May 12, 1931 Wilcox Jan. 17, 1933 Ellison Sept. 4, 1934 Poole Oct, 17, 1939 Blais May 15, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Jan. 2, 1919 Great Britain Mar. 26, 1940 France Jan. 10, 1935 

